Japan is set to modernize its military to adapt to "new forms of warfare" that leverage the widespread use of drones, artificial intelligence, and network technologies. This initiative is detailed in the annual Defense White Paper recently approved by the government.

The document cites lessons learned from conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, where numerous cost-effective drones have been deployed to target expensive military equipment and infrastructure, often in conjunction with missiles and artillery.

Moreover, AI is facilitating quicker decision-making, while operations in space, cyber, and electromagnetic domains are increasingly combined with information warfare. The Ministry of Defense emphasized that equipment and tactics can be updated in very short timeframes.

SHIELD Defense System

One of Tokyo's key priorities will be the establishment of the SHIELD coastal defense system, which will incorporate a variety of low-cost aerial, surface, and underwater drones. The system is expected to be operational by the end of the 2027 fiscal year.

The concept includes both reconnaissance and attack drones:

  • compact FPV drones;
  • loitering munitions designed to destroy ground vehicles;
  • assault drones targeting ships;
  • naval reconnaissance and strike drones;
  • interceptors for the protection of radar stations;
  • surface and underwater platforms for surveillance and strikes.

These unmanned systems are intended to operate alongside long-range missiles and traditional military units.

AI in Warfare

In the White Paper, AI is primarily viewed as a technology for management, information analysis, and coordination of various weapon systems.

The Ministry of Defense noted that AI and networking accelerate decision-making processes, while the threat of deepfakes and other generative media is on the rise. In addition to AI, key military technologies identified include quantum computing, cyber systems, and electronic warfare capabilities.

Japan is also collaborating with the United States on security technology research for AI-equipped drones. Additionally, there are separate projects developing combat support drones that can interact with piloted aircraft, including next-generation fighters.

However, the report does not indicate an immediate shift to fully autonomous weaponry; instead, it emphasizes the integration of AI, communications, and unmanned platforms into a cohesive system.

China as a Primary Challenge

The report reiterates that China poses the largest strategic challenge to national security. It highlights an increase in activity from Chinese ships and aircraft carriers in the Pacific, particularly near Taiwan and Japan's southwestern islands.

Tokyo also views the development of missile and nuclear capabilities by North Korea and the growing military cooperation among China, Russia, and North Korea as significant threats.

Since 2020, Japan has roughly doubled its defense spending from around 1% to 2% of GDP. A substantial portion of future funding is likely to be allocated for missiles, drone systems, startups, and the incorporation of civilian technologies into military production.

Previously, ForkLog examined how the proliferation of fiber-optic guided drones has transformed modern warfare and intensified the global shortage of fiber-optic cables.