Summary
- Trump has enacted executive orders targeting quantum computing and post-quantum cryptography.
- The goal is to achieve a scientifically relevant quantum computer by 2028.
- Federal agencies are required to switch to post-quantum cryptography by the end of 2031, four years ahead of the original timeline.
On Monday, President Donald Trump issued two executive orders designed to bolster U.S. leadership in quantum computing and hasten the transition of federal systems to post-quantum cryptography.
This initiative supports the preparations for “Q-Day,” a potential future where quantum computers could compromise prevalent encryption methods that safeguard everything from government infrastructures to crypto wallets.
Before the signing, Michael Kratsios, the White House science advisor, emphasized that quantum technology is a critical priority for both national security and the economy.
“President Trump has consistently acknowledged the significance of quantum technology as vital for our economic and national security,” Kratsios stated. “During his first term, he enacted the National Quantum Initiative Act, doubled the federal R&D budget for quantum research, and initiated five national quantum research institutes. Now, in his second term, we remain committed to pushing forward.”
The first executive order, titled Ushering in the Next Frontier of Quantum Innovation, instructs federal entities to aim for a "scientifically relevant" quantum computer by 2028. It also tasks the Departments of Commerce, Energy, and Defense, along with NASA, to devise plans for quantum sensors and networking technologies within five years.
A senior official from the White House indicated that the Department of Energy will establish the technical requirements for this system, with the intention of deploying it at a national laboratory or another DOE facility. This effort is seen as a stepping stone toward developing larger, more advanced quantum systems.
The second executive order concentrates on cybersecurity. A senior White House official noted that it moves the deadline for the federal adoption of post-quantum cryptography to December 2031, ahead of the 2035 deadline set by National Security Memorandum-10. This order also directs the Department of Commerce to initiate a pilot project through the National Institute of Standards and Technology to transition federal systems by the end of 2027 and assigns the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency to assist crucial infrastructure operators in adopting quantum-resistant encryption.
Furthermore, the orders promote enhanced workforce development programs, stronger domestic supply chains, better collaboration with allies, and broader initiatives to safeguard quantum research against cyber and counterintelligence threats. Officials mentioned that these efforts would involve expanding the FBI's Quantum Information Science and Technology Counterintelligence Protection Team.
“These policies will foster significant growth in existing and entirely new sectors, such as manufacturing, drug discovery, energy, and agriculture,” Kratsios remarked. “Quantum advancements will lead to innovation, economic growth, and national security that will benefit Americans for decades.”
This executive action coincides with the cryptocurrency sector intensifying its preparations for a post-quantum environment. In March, Google announced a 2029 deadline for adopting post-quantum cryptography, while BTQ Technologies introduced a Bitcoin testnet centered on the quantum-resistance proposal BIP-360. In April, developers suggested BIP-361, which would freeze Bitcoin stored in legacy addresses if the owners do not migrate.
Recently, Stellar unveiled a roadmap for quantum migration, while Coinbase's quantum advisory council warned that around 7 million Bitcoin could be susceptible to quantum threats. Additionally, Algorand revealed ambitions to achieve comprehensive quantum resilience by 2027.