President Trump signed executive orders to enhance U.S. cybersecurity and advance post-quantum cryptography.
On June 22, President Donald Trump signed two significant executive orders aimed at enhancing the United States' cybersecurity and leadership in quantum technologies.
The first order, Executive Order No. 14409, focuses on mitigating risks from advanced cryptographic threats, particularly the tactics employed by foreign adversaries who may capture data now and decrypt it later. It mandates that federal agencies transition to post-quantum cryptography (PQC) as recognized by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
Key Directives for Federal Agencies
Under this order, agencies are required to implement several key measures:
- Appoint PQC Officers. Agencies must designate a PQC migration officer within 30 days.
- Migration Deadlines. All critical systems must be migrated to PQC for key establishment by December 31, 2030, and for digital signatures by December 31, 2031.
- Pilot Program Launch. The Department of Commerce, in collaboration with NIST, will initiate a pilot program for PQC migration within 180 days, with completion expected by December 31, 2027.
- Supply Chain Guidance. The Department of Homeland Security will provide guidance on a cryptographic bill of materials within 270 days to help automate risk assessments.
- Contractor Compliance. New regulations requiring federal contractors to adhere to PQC standards will be established by the end of 2030.
Fostering Quantum Innovation
The second order, Executive Order No. 14411, aims to bolster the commercialization of quantum technologies and ensure U.S. leadership in this emerging field. This directive includes key initiatives such as:
- Quantum Computer Initiative. The establishment of the "Quantum Computer for Applied Developments and Fundamental Science" (QC-ADDS) initiative, which aims to develop a quantum computer accessible to the scientific community.
- Development Plans for Quantum Technologies. Agencies are directed to submit five-year plans for quantum sensors and networks, with the Department of Defense prioritizing three deployment projects by September 30, 2028.
- Counterintelligence Expansion. The FBI will enhance its Quantum Counterintelligence Program to safeguard research from foreign threats.
The Department of Commerce will also evaluate supply chains related to quantum technologies and set standards for the private sector. In addition, strategies to boost domestic production and attract talent will be implemented, including competitive prizes and increased tariffs.
IBM has recently emphasized that readiness in business practices is crucial for achieving a quantum advantage, while previous reports have pointed to the crypto market's vulnerability to quantum threats.
