IBM has introduced a technology for manufacturing chips with a transistor architecture of 0.7 nm, or 7 angstroms. The company refers to this as "nanostack": transistors are arranged in multiple layers rather than flat.
According to IBM, this approach could allow for nearly 100 billion transistors to fit on a chip the size of a fingernail, boosting performance by up to 50% or energy efficiency by up to 70% compared to the 2nm technology from 2021. Commercial production could begin within five years.