The Ethereum Foundation has shifted its focus for Layer 2 networks towards unique features rather than just scaling, aiming for improved integration with Layer 1.
The Ethereum Foundation (EF) has articulated a fresh perspective on the roles of Layer 1 and Layer 2 (L2) networks within the Ethereum ecosystem. Moving beyond mere scaling strategies, the emphasis is now on differentiating L2 solutions through specialized capabilities.
1/ How L1 and L2s can build the strongest possible Ethereum
tldr: we should continue to lean into the unique capabilities of each layer, and make sure all users have a clear path to securely and seamlessly benefit from the core properties of Ethereum pic.twitter.com/jUPNscgSix
— joshrudolf.eth (@rudolf6_) March 23, 2026
According to a recent statement, Layer 2 solutions should target functionalities that the base layer cannot provide, including advanced privacy features, non-EVM functions, and unique pricing models.
Layer Roles and Relationships
Despite Ethereum's strong position as the leading programmable blockchain, the demand for L2 solutions is expected to persist. The foundation notes that these solutions can offer unique functionalities that enhance privacy and allow for ultra-low latency.
The shift in focus for L2 networks is towards defining specialized features and offering innovative services rather than just scaling throughput. A well-developed L2 network is seen as a crucial enhancement to the Ethereum ecosystem, reinforcing its overall appeal.
“A strong L2 network strengthens the ecosystem and enhances Ethereum's gravitational pull,” developers have emphasized.
To foster better integration with Layer 1, L2 solutions can pursue strategies like ensuring synchronous composability and interoperability. Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin suggested that L2 should not merely replicate L1 functionalities but should instead provide diverse opportunities across a spectrum.
Foundation Initiatives
The Ethereum Foundation plans to advance technologies that enable seamless interaction between L1 and L2, focusing on the following areas:
- Enhancing Layer 1 scalability while increasing BLOB throughput without sacrificing decentralization.
- Supporting L2 solutions that bolster privacy, security, and overall trust.
- Facilitating liquidity on Layer 1 to improve accessibility for Layer 2 solutions.
- Researching native rollups for complete verification on the main network.
- Collaborating with L2Beat for monitoring and validating security aspects.
EF has identified fragmentation within the Ethereum ecosystem as a significant challenge and aims to work on improving interoperability to create a more cohesive user experience. They believe that a clearer understanding of L1 and L2 interactions can help mitigate the existing fragmentation in the Ethereum narrative.
“With a clearer vision of the relationship between L1 and L2, we can begin to address the fragmentation of the Ethereum narrative,” the foundation concluded.
It is worth noting that, despite the introduction of new protocols, the number of Layer 2 networks with total value secured (TVS) exceeding $100,000 has declined from 108 to 100 since June 2025.
